A new analysis has found that many young children in the US are being prescribed ADHD medication immediately after diagnosis, rather than following recommended guidelines. Current medical advice suggests that children aged four and five should first undergo six months of behavioural therapy before starting medication.
The study, published in JAMA Network Open and including more than 9,700 children, revealed that 42.2% of young patients received ADHD medication within one month of their diagnosis, while only 14.1% began treatment after the recommended six months. Lead author Dr Yair Bannett of Stanford University called the findings “concerning,” noting that starting treatment with behavioural therapy benefits both the child and their family.
ADHD affects an estimated 11.4% of children aged three to 17 in the US, causing symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention, restlessness, and forgetfulness. Specialists emphasise early detection and appropriate management to prevent negative impacts on academic performance and long-term development.
While the medications, such as Ritalin and Concerta, are generally considered safe, side effects including irritability and aggression often lead families to discontinue use. Limited access to behavioural therapy may contribute to the early reliance on medication.
The study also highlights a difference between North America and Europe, where children are significantly less likely to receive ADHD medication at a young age. Researchers stress that medication should not be viewed as the sole solution for ADHD, and a combination of therapy and careful oversight remains the preferred approach.
